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Community Wants Evaluation

Created: 2013

Community Wants Evaluation. Atlanta, GA: Companies for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013.

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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………… 4

LEARNING OBJECTIVES ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 ESTIMATED COMPLETION TIME ………………………………………………………………………………. 4 TARGET AUDIENCE ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 PRE-WORK AND PREREQUISITES ……………………………………………………………………………. 4 ABOUT THE WORKBOOKS …………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 ICON GLOSSARY ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

SECTION 1: OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT …………. 6 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 CHANGE TOOL AND WORKBOOK …………………………………………………………………………….. 8 OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT STEPS ……………………………………………… 8 PRACTICE EXERCISE #1 (10 MINUTES) ………………………………………………………………….. 11

SECTION 2: PLAN FOR A COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT …………. 12 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 IDENTIFY AND ASSEMBLE A DIVERSE COMMUNITY TEAM …………………………………………….. 12 DEVELOP A TEAM STRATEGY ………………………………………………………………………………. 13 IDENTIFY THE SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT …………………………………………………………….. 14 DEVELOP QUESTIONS TO ASK ……………………………………………………………………………… 17 SELECT SITES ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18 DETERMINE DATA COLLECTION METHODS OR USE EXISTING DATA ………………………………. 18 IDENTIFY KEY INFORMANTS TO CONTACT ……………………………………………………………….. 23 DOCUMENTATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 PRACTICE EXERCISE #2 (30 MINUTES) ………………………………………………………………….. 24 SECTION 3: KEY POINTS …………………………………………………………………………………….. 26

SECTION 3: REVIEW AND RATE THE DATA ………………………………… 27 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 27 POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES …………………………………………………………….. 27 DEVELOP A RATING SCALE …………………………………………………………………………………. 28 MAKING A TEAM DECISION ON RATINGS …………………………………………………………………. 31 SECTION 4: KEY POINTS …………………………………………………………………………………….. 32

SECTION 4: RECORD AND SUMMARIZE DATA …………………………….. 33 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33 RECORD DATA …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33 SUMMARIZE DATA …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35 SECTOR DATA GRID ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 36

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SECTION 5: KEY POINTS …………………………………………………………………………………….. 39

SECTION 5: CREATE A COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN ……………………… 40 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40 IDENTIFY ASSETS AND NEEDS ……………………………………………………………………………… 40 PRIORITIZE NEEDS ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 42 DEVELOP STRATEGIES ………………………………………………………………………………………. 43 PRIORITIZE STRATEGIES …………………………………………………………………………………….. 44 COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN ………………………………………………………………………………….. 46 SECTION 6: KEY POINTS …………………………………………………………………………………….. forty eight

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………. 49 IMPLEMENTING THE ACTION PLAN AND SHARING PROGRESS ………………………………………. 49 TAKE HOME POINTS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50 WORKBOOK REVIEW …………………………………………………………………………………………. 50

RESOURCES ……………………………………………………………………….. 51 APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………….. 52

APPENDIX A …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52 APPENDIX B …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 53 APPENDIX C ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 76

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Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completion of the workbook, participants will likely be ready to: • Thought for a neighborhood wants evaluate by:

o Figuring out a neighborhood group o Describing the scope of the evaluate o Itemizing the questions to request o Deciding on net sites o Figuring out files sequence recommendations or sources o Figuring out key informants

• Review and rate files silent from a neighborhood wants evaluate.

• Summarize files by creating sector files grids. • Designate and prioritize recommendations for improvement. • Designate a neighborhood action concept that functions:

o Mission period aim o Annual aim(s) o Actions well-known to full the targets o Persons accountable for completing the actions, and o Estimated completion time

ESTIMATED COMPLETION TIME The workbook could presumably perhaps silent steal approximately 10 hours to full.

TARGET AUDIENCE The module is designed for Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) residents who specialise in NCDs; nonetheless, it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps also moreover full the module within the event it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps be tasked to evaluate a communicable illness surveillance machine.

PRE-WORK AND PREREQUISITES Earlier than collaborating on this practising module, it’s good to always full practising in:

• NCD Recordsdata Sources

• Program Planning

• Prioritizing public effectively being complications

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ABOUT THE WORKBOOKS You would possibly presumably perhaps learn files about conducting a neighborhood wants evaluate within the Participant Workbook. To practice the abilities and files learned, you are going to consult with the Job Workbook and full 4 workout routines.

ICON GLOSSARY The next icons are worn on this workbook:

Image Form Image Which system

Job Icon

Job, exercise, evaluate or case watch that you simply are going to full

Discontinuance Icon

Discontinuance and search the recommendation of with your facilitator/mentor for extra instruction

Resource Icon

A resource or net page that can present extra files on a given subject

Tip Icon

Supplemental files, or key concept to level to and undergo in mind

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to Shannon Griffin-Blake, PhD (Division of Community Health, Nationwide Middle for Power Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Companies for Disease Control and Prevention) for sharing and explaining the CHANGE tool.

Thanks to Indu Ahluwalia, MPH, PhD (Division of Reproductive Health, Nationwide Middle for Power Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Companies for Disease Control and Prevention) for reviewing this module and providing feedback and guidance.

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Piece 1: Overview of Community Wants Evaluation INTRODUCTION

What is a “Community?”

Communities are in most cases outlined by a geographic space; nonetheless, they can moreover be in line with shared pursuits or traits equivalent to religion, flee, age, or occupation. Folks within a neighborhood advance from assorted backgrounds and hang strange cultures, customs, and values. Utilizing this wide number of suggestions and wisdom is severe to assessing the neighborhood wants and strategizing areas for improvement. Earlier than you behavior a neighborhood wants evaluate it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps also silent hang a transparent conception of the assorted cultural groups within a neighborhood and recommendations to most attractive work with them to resolve the neighborhood points.

What is a Community Wants Evaluation?

A neighborhood wants evaluate affords neighborhood leaders with a snapshot of native protection, systems, and environmental alternate recommendations currently in space and helps to name areas for improvement. With this files, communities can arrangement out a direction for effectively being improvement by creating recommendations to connect definite and sustainable modifications of their communities.

Substances of a Wants Evaluation

The vital outcomes of a neighborhood wants evaluate are in 3 vital categories: Protection Alternate, Programs Alternate, and Environmental Alternate.

Protection Alternate

This involves guidelines, regulations, suggestions, protocols, and procedures that are designed to files or affect behavior. Insurance policies could presumably perhaps moreover be both legislative or organizational. Insurance policies steadily mandate environmental modifications and expand the chance that they’ll became institutionalized or sustainable. Examples of legislative insurance policies consist of taxes on tobacco merchandise, provision of county or metropolis public land for inexperienced spaces or farmers’ markets, regulations governing a nationwide college lunch program, and trim indoor air guidelines. Examples of organizational insurance policies consist of

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colleges requiring wholesome meals alternatives for all college students, menu labeling in restaurants, and required quality assurance protocols or practices (e.g., scientific care processes).

Machine Alternate

This involves alternate that is affecting all neighborhood substances at the side of social norms of an organization, institution or machine. It could perchance in all probability presumably perhaps also consist of a protection or environmental alternate strategy. Insurance policies are steadily the utilizing power leisurely systems alternate. Examples are enforcing a nationwide college lunch program loyal by a situation or provincial college machine or ensuring a health center machine becomes tobacco free.

Environmental Alternate

This form of alternate relates to the bodily, social, or financial components designed to persuade folks’s practices and behaviors. Examples of alterations or modifications to the ambiance consist of:

Bodily: Structural modifications or the presence of packages or providers, at the side of the presence of wholesome meals decisions in restaurants or cafeterias, improvements within the built ambiance to promote walking (e.g., walking paths), the provision of smoking discontinuance providers to patients or workers, and the presence of comprehensive college effectively being training curricula in colleges.

Social: A definite alternate in attitudes or behavior about insurance policies that promote effectively being or an expand in supportive attitudes concerning a effectively being practice, at the side of an expand in favorable attitudes of neighborhood decision makers about the importance of nonsmoking insurance policies or an expand in nonacceptance of exposure to second-hand smoke from the fashioned public.

Economic: The presence of monetary disincentives or incentives to support a desired behavior at the side of charging better prices for tobacco merchandise to decrease their employ or the provision of nonsmoker effectively being insurance discounts.

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CHANGE TOOL AND WORKBOOK

Resource

The neighborhood wants evaluate direction of taught on this module is in line with the Community Health Evaluation and Physique of workers Evaluate (CHANGE) files- sequence tool developed by CDC’s Wholesome Communities Program within the Division of Community Health on the Nationwide Middle for Power Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.1 The CHANGE tool used to be written primarily for communities within the United States taking into account creating environments that strengthen wholesome residing.

This workbook teaches a the same methodology to conducting neighborhood wants evaluate as the CHANGE tool, but since this participant workbook is to be worn globally we’re providing some flexibility within the tool you elect to make employ of. As an instance, after finding out the direction of it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps also settle to assemble your trust Excel spreadsheets to file and summarize files, or something the same in MS Observe.

If you esteem to make employ of the CHANGE tool, it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps also acquire and adjust (freed from payment) the Excel spreadsheets at: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyCommunitiesProgram

If you elect to expose (freed from payment) the CHANGE tool CD-ROM, you are going to moreover receive extra sources equivalent to an Trot Recordsdata, an MS PowerPoint presentation template, and a protection brief or one-pager template. Please level to that the Trot Recordsdata incorporates a limited assorted “action steps” than the ones on this workbook since the workbook is designed to be worn with or without the CHANGE tool.

OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT STEPS There are assorted approaches to conducting neighborhood wants assessments. In this module you learn recommendations to get and assess files on neighborhood sources and judge areas for improvement. You would possibly presumably perhaps learn a direction of that involves these vital steps:

1 Companies for Disease Control and Prevention. Community Health Evaluation aNd Physique of workers Evaluate (CHANGE) Trot Recordsdata: Constructing a Foundation of Records to Prioritize Community Wants. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Companies, 2010.

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This workbook explains steps 1, 3, 4 and 5 in detail.

Step 1: Thought for a neighborhood wants evaluate • Name and assemble a various neighborhood group

• Designate a group strategy

• Make clear neighborhood to evaluate (e.g., situation, village)

• Name neighborhood sectors to evaluate (e.g., effectively being care, colleges)

• Name neighborhood substances to evaluate (e.g., nutrition, tobacco)

• Designate questions to request for every neighborhood factor

• Make a choice out net sites and number of websites to search recommendation from within each sector

• Settle present files to make employ of or recommendations for gathering novel files Name key informants to contact

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Resource

Step 2: Behavior the wants evaluate For guidance on recommendations to behavior a wants evaluate (as an example, recommendations to put together for and behavior interviews and focal level groups), access the North Carolina Department of Health Community Evaluation Recordsdata E book at http://www.schs.verbalize.nc.us/schs/files/databook/2002/GuideBook 2002.pdf.

Step 3: Review and rate the tips • Designate a rating scale, and,

• Form a group decision on ratings.

Step 4: File and overview consolidated files • Enter the tips,

• Total the tips, and,

• Summarize the tips.

Step 5: Designate a neighborhood action concept • Name neighborhood sources and wants,

• Prioritize wants,

• Designate and prioritize recommendations for improvement, and,

• Designate an action concept for high priority recommendations.

Tip

The level of hobby of this workbook is on assessing a neighborhood’s strengths and weaknesses by primarily qualitative sequence recommendations; nonetheless, it is silent essential to strengthen those findings with quantitative files sequence recommendations (e.g., needed statistics, health center files) to evaluate the effectively being space of a neighborhood; as an example, figuring out prevalence and incidence of NCDs.

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PRACTICE EXERCISE #1 (10 MINUTES)

Job

Instructions:

1. Total this exercise personally.

The neighborhood wants evaluate can yield files about assorted forms of alternate recommendations within the neighborhood: protection, systems or environmental. Programs modifications can both be protection or environmental. Match the examples within the vital column of the next table with the becoming class. Designate your responses. The vital one has been carried out for you for event.

Example of forms of recommendations in a neighborhood- Guidelines requiring colleges to invent wholesome meals alternatives for varsity students

 Protection Environmental

Strolling paths at a work situation Protection Environmental

Elevated prices for alcohol Protection Environmental

Smoking discontinuance packages for authorities staff

Protection Environmental

Meals labeling Protection Environmental

2. Review your responses with a colleague. Then confirm the answers with those in Appendix A.

Discontinuance

Let the facilitator or mentor realize it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps be ready for the neighborhood dialogue.

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Piece 2: Thought for a Community Wants Evaluation INTRODUCTION

Planning for a neighborhood wants evaluate is correct as severe as conducting the explicit evaluate. Or no longer it is essential to connect clear you are going to need the loyal folks to assist out and that you simply are going to need identified the logistics and utter of the evaluate, what files to amass, recommendations to amass the tips and from whom.

In this share you are going to learn recommendations to devise for a neighborhood wants evaluate, specifically recommendations to:

• Name and assemble a various neighborhood group

• Designate a group strategy

• Name scope of evaluate

• Designate questions to request

• Make a choice out net sites

• Settle files sequence recommendations

• Name key informants

IDENTIFY AND ASSEMBLE A DIVERSE COMMUNITY TEAM Representation from various sectors of the neighborhood is severe to worthwhile group work and enables easy and proper files sequence and evaluate. All members of the neighborhood group could presumably perhaps silent hang an brisk role within the evaluate direction of from constructing questions to figuring out files sequence pointers on how to make employ of. This direction of moreover ensures the neighborhood group has equitable access to and informed files of the direction of, thereby solidifying their strengthen.

Figuring out 10-12 participants is advised to ensure the scale is manageable, enable for ample representation of quite rather a lot of views, and to story for attrition of members. Embody representatives of assorted stakeholder groups.

Examples of forms of stakeholders to incorporate on the neighborhood group are: • Guidelines enforcer

• Religion chief

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• Health center administrator

• Community effectively being employee

• College well-known or headmaster (of vital college or college)

• Neighborhood council guide

• Civic chief

• Local advocates

• Local industry chief

• Local effectively being practitioner

When your neighborhood group is assembled it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps also silent clearly account for the reason of your neighborhood group, ability of group members and their organizations, name capability boundaries to success, and concept for overcoming any barriers. Guaranteeing ample funding to strengthen the neighborhood group’s efforts is severe to the success of the project.

DEVELOP A TEAM STRATEGY After you are going to need assembled your group you are going to meet to assemble a group strategy. This involves, at a minimum:

• Defining targets for the wants evaluate

• Defining how the tips silent will likely be worn (e.g., to persuade protection makers, to strengthen novel packages, to strengthen novel modifications in carrier supply or insurance policies)

• Figuring out the timeline for the evaluate (e.g., 3 months, 6 months)

• Figuring out roles and responsibilities of group members

• Assigning tasks in line with abilities and readily accessible sources

• Figuring out how choices will likely be made

• Deciding on a approach or tool for conducting the wants evaluate (e.g., CHANGE tool, customized Excel spreadsheets, MS Observe worksheets)

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IDENTIFY THE SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT In this step you are going to make a choice the scope of your neighborhood evaluate. All over this direction of, your group could presumably perhaps silent account for “neighborhood” after which support this definition the same loyal by the wants evaluate.

A neighborhood wants evaluate could presumably perhaps silent focal level on: • a selected neighborhood as outlined by the group, equivalent to a situation or

neighborhood

• sectors within that space, equivalent to effectively being care and work net sites

• neighborhood substances to evaluate within each sector, equivalent to nutrition, persistent illness administration and tobacco employ

Make clear the Community to Assess The neighborhood group will settle what neighborhood to evaluate. Previously established areas (e.g., college districts, metropolis limits) will be precious, however the neighborhood group will account for its trust neighborhood. As the neighborhood group decides on the space to evaluate, it goes to also silent support in mind starting up with a smaller geographic space or segment of the inhabitants. It could perchance in all probability presumably perhaps be more straightforward to realize better impact with a smaller sized neighborhood than a better one within the first yr.

Name Community Sectors to Assess Within the neighborhood identified, your group will make a choice which obvious substances or sectors of the neighborhood to evaluate. Examples of neighborhood sectors are:

Community-At-Extensive Sector: contains neighborhood-wide efforts that impact the social and built environments equivalent to meals access, tobacco- free insurance policies, walkability or bikeability, and private safety.

Community Institution/Group (CIO) Sector: contains entities within the neighborhood that supply a essential differ of human providers and access to facilities equivalent to childcare settings, religion-primarily based organizations, senior centers, effectively being and wellness organizations, faculties and universities.

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Health Care Sector: contains locations folks plug to receive preventive care or treatment, or emergency effectively being care providers equivalent to hospitals, private scientific doctors’ offices, neighborhood clinics, or effectively being posts. Work Establish of dwelling Sector: contains locations of employment equivalent to agriculture, manufacturing, private offices, restaurants, retail establishments, and authorities offices. College Sector: contains all vital and secondary finding out establishments.

Name Community Substances to Assess Within each sector, it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps also silent name which substances of the neighborhood to evaluate. Resolve ones that the neighborhood group believes are most essential and related to evaluate and that can lead to the most beneficial strategies for improvement. As an instance, it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps also must assess demographics, statistical files of a inhabitants equivalent to age, earnings, training level, form of work situation/effectively being facility/college. For each sector, you are going to make a choice which demographic components that you simply in actuality favor to assess. As an instance, in some sectors, it is likely you’ll presumably perhaps also acquire files on whether the inhabitants the employ of the institution is from an urban or rural setting. You would possibly presumably perhaps moreover assess whether each sector has the insurance policies and systems in space to evaluate chance and to assist those in that machine to engage in effectively being promoting behavior. Portion of this evaluate could presumably perhaps consist of who affords management and the draw and assessing who’re the worthwhile alternate agents.

Insurance policies, Programs and Environments • Bodily assignment: the protection, systems or environmental alternate

recommendations in space that strengthen bodily assignment. As an instance, does the sector assess patients’ bodily assignment as fragment of a written checklist or screening worn in all routine space of business visits? Does it present access to public game facilities? Does it promote stairwell employ?

• Vitamin: the protection, systems or environmental alternate recommendations in space that strengthen nutrition. As an instance, does the sector guarantee that wholesome meals preparation practices (e.g., steaming, low fat, low salt, restricted frying) are always worn? Does it implement a referral

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machine to assist patients access neighborhood-primarily based sources or providers for nutrition?

• Tobacco Use: the tobacco adjust-related alternate recommendations in space. As an instance, does the sector institute a tobacco-free protection 24/7 for indoor/outdoors public locations? Does it ban tobacco merchandising machine gross sales? Does it present access to a referral machine for tobacco discontinuance sources and providers?

• Power illness administration: the protection, systems or environmental alternate recommendations in space that strengthen managing persistent illnesses and its related chance components. As an instance, does the sector present persistent illness self-administration training to participants identified with persistent conditions or illnesses? Does it implement a referral machine to assist patients access neighborhood- primarily based sources or providers for persistent illness? Does it promote persistent illness prevention?

• After college: the protection, systems or environmental alternate recommendations in space that strengthen after college actions. As an instance, does the college guarantee appropriate packed with life time loyal by after-college packages or events? Does it institute wholesome meals and beverage alternatives loyal by after college packages?

• Management: the protection, systems or environmental alternate recommendations in space that show to the administration of the neighborhood. As an instance, does the sector take part in neighborhood coalitions and partnerships? Does it reimburse staff for preventive effectively being or wellness actions? Does it finance public parks/sports facilities?

• Legislative / Lawful Atmosphere

o District: the protection, systems or ambiance alternate recommendations that are in space on the college district level. As an instance, does the district ban tobacco promoting on college correct