Vietnam, a developing country, heavily relies on its agriculture sector, including fruits,vegetables, and rice. However, Japan, a developed nation, imposes tariffs on these products.These tariffs aim to protect Japanese rice farmers and the agricultural sector from internationalcompetition. While these measures temporarily benefit Japanese farmers, they have longerterm negative economic repercussions for both countries.Impact on VietnamVietnam’s economy is significantly reliant on agriculture, which contributes substantially to itsGDP and employment. The country exports numerous agricultural products to Japan, one of itsprimary markets. However, the imposition of tariffs by Japan makes Vietnamese goods lesscompetitive in this market. As a result, Vietnam’s agricultural exports to Japan have declined,reducing revenue for Vietnamese companies and farmers. This downturn adversely affects ruralcommunities dependent on agriculture for their livelihood (Carbaugh, 2019). The diminisheddemand from foreign markets also limits Vietnam’s ability to invest in advanced agriculturaltechnologies that could enhance productivity and output quality (World Trade Organization[WTO], 2020). Consequently, the economic growth of Vietnam’s agricultural sector is stunted,creating additional challenges for improving rural welfare.Impact on JapanJapan’s tariffs are designed to protect domestic farmers from foreign competition, particularly inthe rice industry, which is integral to the country’s economy and culture. Nevertheless, thesetariffs lead to economic trade-offs. By increasing the cost of agricultural imports, Japan raisesthe price of essential foods for its citizens (Carbaugh, 2019). Additionally, the higher cost ofimported agricultural products means that industries such as food manufacturing andrestaurants face increased input expenses. This situation renders these industries lesscompetitive in both domestic and international markets (Krugman & Obstfeld, 2018). Overall,the tariffs create economic inefficiencies by maintaining artificially high prices and restrictingcompetition, even though they provide temporary protection for domestic farmers.Tariff EliminationEliminating Japan’s tariffs on agricultural products could economically benefit both countries.Japan would gain access to cheaper agricultural products, leading to reduced prices forconsumers and businesses. This change would enable Japan to allocate resources moreeffectively, freeing up funds for other profitable ventures (Krugman & Obstfeld, 2018). Increasedmarket access for Vietnam would allow for greater investment in agricultural technologies andboost export earnings, ultimately enhancing farmer income and productivity (WTO, 2020).However, removing tariffs could expose Japanese farmers to heightened competition,potentially disadvantaging small-scale producers. To address these concerns, Japan mightconsider implementing government support programs aimed at improving the competitivenessof domestic agriculture. A phased reduction of tariffs, combined with these support measures,could help mitigate the impact on Japanese farmers while fostering economic cooperation withVietnam (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2021).ConclusionIn summary, Japan’s tariffs on Vietnamese agricultural products, while intended to protectdomestic farmers, lead to economic inefficiencies in both nations. Vietnam’s agricultural sectorsuffers from reduced market access, hindering its economic growth, while Japan experienceshigher consumer prices and less competitive industries. A gradual removal of tariffs, paired withdomestic support measures, would likely benefit both economies in the long term.ReferencesCarbaugh, R. J. (2019). International economics (17th ed.). Cengage Learning.Krugman, P. R., & Obstfeld, M. (2018). International economics: Theory and policy (11th ed.).Pearson.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021). Agricultural policymonitoring and evaluation 2021: Addressing agricultural challenges in Japan. OECDPublishing.World Trade Organization. (2020). World Trade Report 2020: Trade and trade barriers. WTOPublications.
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